Children's Defense Fund Cradle to Prison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Childrens Defense Fund Cradle to Prison - Essay standard2). The Cradle to Prison pipeline was revealed to be hosted by The University of Houston Law School to address crucial issues touch on American children, particularly to achieve the goal of showing leaders on all levels the growing look at for a partnership with Americas children ensuring that they have, safe housing, adequate education, mentorship-cultural programs, and universal healthcare (Keeton, 2008, par. 2). The alarming numbers of children of going to prison house have instigated immediate measures to inform the public of the dilemma, which, according to Edelman Adults are whats wrong with children (Keeton, 2008, par. 5). The importance of what you learned (So What?) As the program aimed to challenge American adults to address the alarming neglect for children, the message would be ineffective if no positive action is rendered upon the call. The importance of the message therefore is seen and determined in terms of th e number and result of assistance that is accorded by people who were made aware of the advocacies of the program.

Cultural tourism in Newcastle UK as a part of Urban tourism Essay

Cultural tourism in Newcastle UK as a part of Urban tourism - Essay Exampleal., 2010). Few of the major ethnical factors leading to the developments in the tourism sector of Newcastle have been briefly represented hereunder.As similar to the new(prenominal) regions in the UK, Newcastle is also defined for its unique culture that involves a mixed population from different move of the world. Although majority of population (92%) are from Caucasian and non-Christianity backgrounds, but the mixture of people from different other nationalities much(prenominal) as Indian, Chinese, Jewish and Pakistani minorities often attract ball-shaped visitors towards the place.In relation to the roles of the heathenish aspects, teemingness of historical monuments including The rook, Great North Museum in Hancock, Ravensworth Castle (Tyne and Wear), and The Church of St. Thomas The Martyr among others have radically increased the number of visitors irrespective of their nationalities. The histori cal monuments such as Earl Greys Monument, the Old Castle Keep along with St. Nicholas Cathedral often reflect Newcastle as a urban center with multiple cultural aspects (Cameron & Coaffee). Moreover, renovation of Newcastle Quayside that combines the development of Gateshead since the past fifteen years is also witnessed to bring major flow of global tourists into Newcastle (Sacco & et. al., 2008).Stunning nights with numerous ways of fun across the whole city can also be regarded as a unique cultural aspect in collecting wider attention of the global visitors (Cameron & Coaffee). The city is considered as one of the most visited destinations by the global tourists due to the unrivalled experience of nightlife, musical venues along with excellent theatre and art galleries. It is also regarded as one of the leading English metropolitan cities, which compacts add up of nightclubs, pubs along with shopping centres, which are capable enough to grasp the attention of the global visito rs (Miles, 2005).With this regard, the continuous urbanization of

Challenges Employees Face with Electronic Health Records Research Paper

Challenges Employees Face with Electronic Health Records - Research Paper ExampleI expect all three facultys to be consistent with each other and reflect what you actually did. all sentence you write should be understandable and relevant to the module, you have submitted a lot of words, with no tangible content.. This is not graduate level work, you have a lot of work to do, to get a firing grade. Ruchi Patel Prof. Peters HCA 500 7/27/13 Abstract there is no countermand for the results section, you should submit an abstract for module 6 The ratification of Obama Care as a healthcare reform program that was passed in 2011has significantly brought with it, emphasis on the manipulation of electronic health records. The use of electronic health records besides remains an indispensiblevalue since it is an integral part of medical services preparation. As a matter of fact, healthcare provision begins with the retrieval, updating and storage of the unhurrieds profile (the patients health status, the degree to which the patient has met his financial obligations, family or ethnic background, allergic reactions,age, and financial status) and ends with the same. Likewise, successful medical intervention rises and falls on the management ofelectronic health records, since information gathered from research findings, which is, name to the dispensation of evidence-based practice heavily relies on electronic health recordsfor safekeeping. Legal suits that ensue from patient-healthcare giver in addition depend upon electronic health records to be launched and prosecuted. Because of this, it is unpatterned that electronic health records is sacrosanct to healthcare practice and must therefore be studied, in rule for ameliorations to be made in the field of medical practice. Introduction there is no introduction for this module, you personate your results in this module, you are free to add any information here, to your introduction in module 6 That there are many c hallenges that employees face with electronic health records is not in doubt. These challenges are aggregate in natures since they have underpinnings in human nature, technological advancements, and laws that govern the provision of healthcare services and the use of technology. In turn, appreciating these challenges that accost employees as they attempt to use electronic health records is very important since it is the key to the realization of patient-based and evidence-based care. Ultimately, making healthcare provision patient-based and evidence-based is the key to the dispensation ofsuccessfulmedical services. The gravity behind this realization is that analyzing and acknowledgingthe difficulties that employees face with electronic health recordsis the first step towards successful medical services provision. Methodology The method that has been used for data collection is questionnaires. This approach was the mostappropriate method of data collection, due to its affordable n ature A lot of efforts were also concerted to address ethical issues that accosted the research program, in respectto humansubjects in the research. This was requested as part of module 3, which you did not satisfactorily complete but I am interested to know what you actually did, as this forms part of the methodology section for module 6. Secondly, informed consent was obtained from the respondents, at least a calendar month before the actually questionnaire was enacted. Ok, but you did not provide me with

The New Leadership Challenge , Creating The Future of Nursing Essay

The New Leadership Challenge , Creating The Future of Nursing - Essay ExampleThe managerial leadinghip of the firm promotes flexible approach to the changing dynamics of the organizational management. The myriad aspects of leaders and leadership facilitate and influence human behavior for greater achievement of mutually negotiated targets with greater enthusiasm. Indeed, the many challenges of reasoned leadership takes into account the changing environmental factors and translate them into opportunities of growth. The paper would be aspect at the unhomogeneous facets of leadership and how it impacts the role of nurse managers. Nature of leadership Organizational leadership assumes special meaning because it motivates and encourages others to essay towards common goals with renewed enthusiasm. It tends to empower people with knowledge and influence their behaviour, attitude and feelings towards important issues so that they ar better prepared for changes and pay back more acco mmodating in their approach. The traits and styles of leaders within organizations therefore become hugely crucial elements that inherently help exploit new situations and inculcate a sense of constancy amongst the following or workforce especially in adverse situations. The various leadership theories support the varying perspectives of leaders and how they impact the behaviour and attitude of others. The leadership traits and styles become integral part of leaders within organizations. Leadership traits. The four most important traits of effective leaders are honesty forward looking inspiring and competency (Kouzes and Posner, 2007). These are critical paradigms of that help the leaders to gain the trust of the followers who volitionally follow them. Honesty is one of the most desirable traits of leaders that inspires committed following. They set high measure of ethics and moral integrity which inculcates trust and gives them a distinct credibility in the eyes of their follow ers but also gives credence to their ideological perspectives of issues. Leaders are also forward looking because their ken ensures that followers are well equipped to handle changes. With strong communication skills, they are able to top with their followers and inspire them towards visionary goals. They have the ability to read emotions in ones self-importance and in others, and to be able to use this information to guide decision-making (Ashkanasy et al., 2002 317). Indeed, their capacity to look forward to the future day is highly pertinent issue as it is able to anticipate and exploit new avenues of opportunities. In the flow rate environment of globalization and changing format of society, they help provide intangible stability among the diverse workforce through cross cultural understanding and facilitate their integration with the system. With strong ideals, indomitable will and highly creative disposition, leaders are hugely inspiring. They challenge the status quo and explore new dimensions to overcome hooligan situations. Hence, followers tend to imitate and imbibe qualities to move forward. An effective leader therefore empowers followers and motivates them to fake decisions based on informed choices. The leaders are very competent individuals which is reflected in leaders track record and ability to get things done (Kouzes and Posner 35). The leadership competency relies on experience that provides the leaders with necessary knowledge to act aptly under different situations. They understand the hidden

Issues of Co-location of Fischer-Tropsch and Algae Plants in Thesis

Issues of Co-location of Fischer-Tropsch and Algae Plants in Alternative Jet Fuel Production - Thesis warningThis is so because once contacted, the experts get enough time to respond to the questions when they find it convenient.The first people to be approached to collect information are Clearfuels Technology Inc. which is already in the demonstration process of the F-T processes to convert natural waste into fuels. The accompany was started in the year 998 at Aiea, Hawaii. The company engages in thermo-chemical conversion of various renewable feed-stocks into biofuels. The energy products include ethanol, hydrogen, electrical power, Fischer-Tropsch diesel and so on. The company works as a footslogger of Rentech (ClearFuels).The next important company impart be the Solena Fuels. It is a sustainable energy company which produces sustainable non-petroleum sources liquid fuels. It is a private company with its headquarters in Washington DC. From the website of the company, it is f ound that for questions and enquiries, the CFO of the company is to be contacted (Solena Fuels).In addition, the U.S Energy Information Administration will also be approached to collect information. see the website, the contact information of the department will be stash away. Thereafter, an email will be sent pursuit permission to conduct an interview (U.S Energy Information Administration). Similar steps will be taken in the case of Solena Group too.Another important person is Robert Malina of the Laboratory for Aviation and Environment. The expert is tenanted in the study of FT jet fuels. The contact information of the person will be collected by visiting the website of Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment (Laboratory for Aviation and Environment).In the email, the subject box will point out the target of mail. Thereafter, the body of the mail will contain details of the situation and purpose of interview. Thereafter, the mail will state the need to have first-hand i nformation from an expert. Also, the mail will detail how I decided to

Freud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Freud - Assignment Example make up though numerous therapists appear to have turned down some of Freuds speculations, without him the universe of brain light would not have been the same (Freud, p.10) Discussion Freuds work with the certified and unconscious brain is recognized to be one of his most extremely popular hypotheses. In his speculation, the psyche essentially comprises of two parts, the cognizant and the unconscious. The cognizant part of an single(a)s personality essentially comprises of things that the individual is familiar with. This incorporates the memory, or preconscious, in light of the fact that it is info that could be effectively recovered by an individual. The unconscious personality comprises of things outside of ones aw beness, for example emotions, urges, remembrances, or musings. The tier when an individual thinks about the unconscious personality he or she will for the most part think about a Freudian slip. Tragically, this is an encounter that very nearly everybody has encountered. A Freudian slip is an involvement that devolves when somebody uncovers something that is not an unconscious contemplation or feeling (Kihlstorm, p.445). For the most part, this occasion will happen when an individual is tongue-lashing another individual, and something slips out which was unintended. This, more or less, happens in light of the fact that an individual has a certain urge of amusing or feeling in the unconscious personality. In addition, with delight in to Freuds speculation on the cognizant and unconscious mind, his examination regarding the individuals nature works is extraordinary. Freud axiom a unique controlling feature in the human beings, consisting of three levels, namely, the id, self-image and the superego. The id held primitive drives that followed the premise of delight. Its reign objective was to look for instantaneous delight and keep away from torment. The self-image of cognizant was actuality, hence, it worked by means of the actuality guideline, distinguishing in the midst of recognition, judgment and memory. The superego looked for culmination it held qualities and social ethics held inside the still, small voice (Freud, p.2). Notwithstanding, his dedication to an experimental planet view, Freuds plans were less objective and investigative as he jumped at the chance to suppose. His speculation was built more with respect to clinical impressions than on regulated exact techniques. The aggregation of information and presentation of conclusions is un magisterial, the terms and thoughts are frequently impalpable and troublesome to test and measure, hence, the investigative status of analysis is disputable at a few focuses. Furthermore, the greater part of his speculation is inferred from perceptions of psychotic individuals, hence, the substance of his decisions concerned human conduct. Notwithstanding its unverified suspicions, Freuds speculation has animated further deliberate research on the nature of identity conscience systematic analysts as well as object-relations theorists owe much to his work (Bargh and Ezequiel, p.74). Impact and Conclusion The after pertain of Freuds theories on the world of psychology is tremendous and long lasting, due to which, the majority of the psychologists have conducted studies beneath the guidance of Freud. They have been greatly influenced by

Business Performance of Specsavers Research Paper

Business mathematical operation of Specsavers - Research Paper ExampleOn the marketing front, Specsavers pioneered a slew of industry standards. For example, it was the first participation to start a debt scheme for contact lenses along with free home talking to. This initiative changed the way a customer financed her eye care purchases. Specsavers advertising campaigns were perfectly designed to strongly communicate the special features offered by Specsavers. The Shouldve has gone to Specsavers campaign reinforced the superior work offered by Specsavers. One of the most important USPs of Specsavers was its great(p) value-for-money positioning. Due to economies of scale, it could negotiate better prices with its vendors, and then passed on savings to its customers. Specsavers offered 2 for 1 glass at 75, an offer that has been very successful. Specsavers also targeted market niches by offering special pricing for its products/services. For example, Senior citizens (over 60 years ) were offered a massive 30% discount on glasses. However, the most revolutionary innovation was on the products/services domain. Prior to the arrival of Specsavers, this industry was served by small handcuffs or independent opticians. While these chains offered low-cost services, there was an enormous room for improvement in their services. Those providing high-quality services were costlier & often charged a high premium. Specsavers new partnership model brought together for the first time, the best practices of retailing & service delivery concepts along with the best available opticians, but at a much competitive price. While Specsavers offered their partners a range of business support services like accounting, marketing etc, the frontline opticians were free to do what they did the best. The opticians, hence, could concentrate on delivering their best services to the consumers. On the product front, theypioneered innovations like offering varifocal glasses. Specsavers offered the option of returning varifocal glasses (some pack take time to adjust to these) within a period of 30 days from purchase.

Arguing a position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arguing a stake - Essay ExampleA 2005 study found that almost three-fourth of all college students gain weight amid their first day and the end of their sophomore year. The primary reason for this weight gain is a confederacy of late night studying and poor nutrition due to students eating junk or luxuriant food (Dryden). If the cafeteria were open later and offered food that met the nutrition needs of students, they might be more ordain to eat healthier. This would benefit not only the students, but the college as well. After all, healthy students perform wear out academically, raising the overall GPA figures and making the institution more attractive to potential students and parents of those students (Kotler). On the separate hand, of course, staying open later in order to offer fresh nutrition-packed food would require the purchase of a larger inventory. The food offered for eat or even dinner could not be safely offered as fresh to late night patrons.Allowing the cafeter ia to have more flexible hours would also be beneficial because during lunch time the place is far too crowded. By having a structured time for when classes take a lunch period break it creates a disadvantage by forcing all the students to congregate in unitary place at the same time. There simply arent enough seat or tables to meet this need.

Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Report - date ExampleAll these factors together with local conflicts withdraw resulted in a poorer educational system in countries such as Africa and South Asia and in countries with a high population the situation is even worse (Crawford, 1995). Even those institutions which are backed by sufficient funding do suffer from certain shortfalls such as lack of appropriate teaching materials, shortage of teachers and less motivation programs for both teachers and students to completely make out the fruits of education (Notes).The teaching fraternity plays a vital role in the promotion of education among students, specially in the primary classes, and they should have access to the aright teaching materials which would help to develop basic study and writing skills of students. As if this is resolved students will have the confidence to excel and do better in higher classes as foundation is definitely the key to higher learning. Despite this understanding modern schools have shied away from providing the much needed encouragement for both teachers and students (Holmes, 2008, Notes). Additionally schools have also not been support by suitable governmental policies and practices as they only focus on the economic or fond outcomes of education. Unless the primary educational system is strengthened we will not be able to achieve the right benefits of education and it will merely remain only as a solution to global problems quite a than as a means to realize the true potential of an individual (Carroll,

The history of pizza Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The history of pizza - Assignment ExampleDifferent analysts agree that the Italians prepared a basic configuration of pizza as early as the Stone Age. At this time, the bread served as a plate as it was used to sop up broth or gravies.The idea of utilise bread as a plate did not originate from the Italians it originated from the Greeks. Between 521 and 486 B.C., historians note that the soldiers of Darius the Great do a kind of bread using their shields as ovens. They then covered the flat bread with dates and cease and ate them for nourishment during their long marches. The third century B.C. saw Marcus Porcius Cato write about how people do flat bread on stones before dressing them with such things as honey, herbs, and olive oil. For the next some(prenominal) centuries, the trend of baking flat bread and topping it with different solid foods became well established.Between 1700 and 1800 A.D., the Greek extermination of Naples grew to become a populous city. The poor people w ho lived and worked in the city needed cheap food that they could conveniently consume as they went about their businesses. To meet this need, street vendors and informal restaurants prepared flat breads that they transcend with different things. Although considered disgusting by many people at the time, the early pizzas that the poor people of Naple ply on have a close resemblance with what people consume as pizza today. give care it commonly happens today, these early pizzas were dressed with garlic, anchovies, tomatoes, and cheese.One individual that receives a lot of credit for inventing the modern form of pizza is Raffaele Esposito, a baker from Naples. The baker who owned a restaurant named Pizzeria di Pietro baked something that he fondly called pizza. His drive to make the pizza resulted from his desire to please the Italian, King Umberto I, and his wife, Queen Margherita, whom he learnt would be visiting his area. Although served with a variety of pizzas as they sought a break from their constant nutriment

PI Darren Aronofsky 1998 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PI Darren Aronofsky 1998 - adjudicate ExampleThis paper will discuss question number one of the instructions stated that is a central theme that suggests looking at the face of perfection can only be make by verbalizing a string of numbers.A central theme in the film which discusses the face of God is the theme of Kabbalah. Kabbalah refers to an esoteric discipline, method or school of thought (Huntley 1). Sean Gullette, in Pi, acts as slimeimillian Cohen. He is a paranoid mathematician looking for a number to unchain the patterns set up in nature. Max uses his homemade PC named Euclid to investigate these arithmetical patterns. The 216-letter phrase of God sought by the actors of the film refers to as the Explicit Name or the Shem ha-Meforash (Huntley 1). The name comes from the book Exodus 1419-21. Each of these three playscript poetrys is composed of 72 letters in traditional Hebrew. According to the film, if a person writes these verses in boustrophedon form, then the pers on gets 72 columns of 3 letter names of God (Huntley 1). Boustrophedon form means that one verse is above the other, the premier from even off to left. Then the present moment verse is from left to right and the third is from right to left.The nature of the Divine, according to Pi, prompted kabbalists to foresee two aspects of God. The first aspect is that God is totally unknowable, transcendent, limitless and simple. The south aspect is that Gods manifestation communicateed his persona of which He creates and aids mankind (Huntley 1). The film speaks of the first as Ein/Ayn Sof, which means that God that literary has no limits. Of the unfriendly Ein Sof, nothing can be understood. The second feature of Divine emanations, nevertheless, are available to human awareness, vigorously interacting throughout physical and spiritual existence, reveal God immanently, and are tied up in the life of humans (Huntley 1).

17- Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

17- - Coursework ExampleTo relieve the former, this decision gives House the hope to prove his innocence in the lights of the new evidance, that is if he is innocent in the first place. Unlike as in an appeal, in habeas corpus federal court, DNA samples can be produced in this case as a new evidence which can greatly influence the decision of the Judges if the evidence goes in Houses favor.Now to see the effect of this decision on the society as a whole, a common citizen would have more confidence in the Judicial System and would survive that he has a great chance of proving his innocence if convicted wrongly. The Judicial System over the years has been adversely affected by the cold war between the conservative and liberal governments. This trend has not allowed trunk to prevail in the Judicial System. This new decision gives a hope that the judgments do by the work bench would neither be conservative nor liberal, but rather would be just.This decision by Justice Kennedy would be referred to by legal experts while solving cases of such nature. To those convicted wrongly, this decision would appear to them as a spear of light leading to a free life. Whether House makes his way out or not because of this decision, it for sure would give convicted people a chance to prove their innocence presenting new evidences in the future.In my ain view, the less-conservative decision made by the conservative judge is the right one, as it might not be possible in certain cases to gather and produce all or the vital evidence during the mental test period. Giving the convicted a second chance for producing new evidence and arguing his way out constitutionally, cannot be termed a lenient decision on part of the convicted, but rather a fair one. though this would lead to additional burden on the courts, but it would ensure that justice is served.Provisions have been made in the law to give a

The history of surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The history of process - Essay ExampleIn ancient Greece, process was also performed in different ways. The Greek divulgeed various tools and equipment that they used during their surgery processes. This was owing to the fact that they had an easy access to materials such as Iron. The Greek performed various surgeries in parade to cure patients from different health complications. For instance, the Greek would undertake different forms of amputations on people. They would also drain the lungs of people, in case these suffered from pneumonia. In addition, the Greek bleed their patients, as well as set the patients bones. These processes can be considered to crude today. However, the Greek only turned to surgery as the last resort in bon ton to save the lives of their patients.In the middle ages, the Arabs the Arabs based on the medicinal practices of the Greek in order to develop their own medicine. Nonetheless, this helped the Arabs to become supreme physicians during this age. F or this reason, Baghdad was rose to become leading medical and drug ticker in the whole world. The Arabs contributed highly to the aspect of drug making. They also used various plants that were believed to have medicinal value. With regard to surgery, the Arabs utilized specific medicinal plants, which had the capability of acting as anaesthetics during the process of surgery. For all patients that were to bear surgical processes, the Arabs ensured to make them drink anaesthetic mixtures using the anaesthetic sponges. There were diverse procedures in the surgery process in the Arab world. For instance, the Arabs administered sedatives on patients before having them operated. In addition, for those patients that were to undergo amputation, the Arabs offered them to drink different types of mixtures that acted as sleeping

Child Abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Child Abuse - look for Paper ExampleChildren are a blessing from God and deserve love just exchangeable bothone else. However, in the recent past umpteen researches have indicated that several children are being abused. This should come as a bad news especially in this 21st Century where the youth form a large percentage of the population.According to some researchers like Besharov et al (2001), there are many cases which go unreported, uninterrupted or misreported. According to stop it now (www.stopitnow.org) a world organization that prevents child abuse, reports that a third of girls and nearly 1 in seven boys experiences sexual abuse while statistics suggest from research suggest that only 12% to 30% of the cases are reported. Families mostly deny child abuse indoors their homes. In one of the cases reported in stop it now, one woman had been sexually abused by his brother but she kept quiet for fear of being killed, after sensing that her niece will go in the same trap sh e finally reported the matter to their family but the family did not believe her and so nobody took action on that case. Most powerful people go unreported if they are arrange abusing children because people find it hard to talk bad things about them. Since nearly all states passed the mandatory laws requiring any suspected child abuse to be reported, child abuse cases has been on the rise. This result in many cases being reported which are baseless (Besharov et al., 2001).Melissa (2009), says that child abuse can be considered to be any act that causes physical body injury, psychological or emotional torture. These acts causes suffering to the child and sometimes may be harmful enough and eventually may lead to death or aeonian damage of victims.

Response to DQ1 and DQ2 Different Financial Information Users and Essay

Response to DQ1 and DQ2 Different Financial Information Users and Isolation - rise ExampleAlong with the annual report which includes the financial statements for a fiscal year public companies in like manner release trimester financial statements to keep the public informed about the financial performance of the company. DQ2 You mentioned that employees want to hold up about the financial performance of a house because they want to know how stable their company is whenever it comes to caper security and benefits. Another reason that employees need to be informed regarding the financial performance of a firm is because many employees receive stock options and bonuses that are tied to the financial performance of the firm. The most important yield of the income statement is that last line of the report which states the net income or net loss achieved during an accounting period. The intention of all public corporations is to maximize shareholders wealth (Besley & Brigham, 2000). Investors mustiness analyze the financial statements development multiple techniques including ratio analysis, horizontal analysis, variance analysis, and vertical analysis. The CEO of public corporations since the creation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act must sign the financial statements and are personally liable in case of fraud. References Besley, S., Brigham, E. (2000). Essential of Managerial finance (12th ed.).

Polio Essay Essay Example for Free

Polio Essay EssayIn this reality, at that place atomic number 18 over 12,000 diseases caused by either bacteria or computer viruses, and most of them are besides to be discovered. One of the dreadful diseases revealed is acute anterior poliomyelitis (which is shortened for poliomyelitis) (Ballard). The polio virus enters the body through the mouth, multiplies in the throat and intestine, and spreads through the blood to the central nervous frame. Thus, the virus attacks the CNS, which can lead to paralysis. The paralysis would vary with the legs, and would be visible due to the atrophy, and the muscles wasting away due to the lack of use (Hecht). Many bear spent their whole life in iron lungs due to paralysis in the chest muscles (Ballard). at that place are three types of polio mild, non paralytic and paralytic (Hecht). Only 1% of all polio patients dis occur paralytic polio (Hecht).In 1947, as Jonas Salk searched for a vaccination, he came upon the conclusion that a chemical called formaldehyde can eliminate the virus (Ballard). Another scientist named Albert Sabin desired to weaken the virus, instead of killing it (Ballard). Thus, this lead to the stratagem of oral vaccines that people can swallow (Ballard). A severe disease called blot-polio syndrome, which is an illness of the nervous system develops, and can appear 15-50 years after a patient has been affected by polio (Hecht). sight and children can contract polio due to a variety of factors, which are present in several(prenominal) third solid ground countries. It still remains to be an underlying health problem in some developing countries (Ballard).The following is a case study about the several societal and political factors that are affecting Pakistans polio obliteration program. Pakistan is one of the four countries (along with Nigeria, India, and Afghanistan) in which polio has remained autochthonic since the World health Assembly in 1988 (Katz). In the early 1990s, almos t 20 000 cases of polio were reported, although, the numbers have been fluctuate up and down ever since (Katz). Firstly, immense floods in the summer of 2010 have ravaged the Swat vale in Pakistan resulting in the displacement of millions of people, the absence of running water and electricity, and the closure of at least euchre health clinics and facilities (Katz). Secondly, the weaknesses in the delivery of services and issues of poor health systems governance are a major(ip) factor inthe failure to achieve eradication (Nishtar).Lastly, the absence of polio vaccines from non-health sectors such as contend and conflict zones and the refusal of parents to vaccinate their children have increased the number of polio cases in the country (Nishtar). The challenges and threats Pakistan faces in the eradication of Polio jeopardizes the world unspecific efforts, and as long as a single child remains infected, children in all countries are at risk of contracting polio (Nishtar). In gener al, the polio virus is highly contagious and each and every country that is still under the threats of polio must be careful and responsible enough to see the warning signs before it is too late. Polio usually develops as the result of contact with either polluted water or the mosquitoes that breed in such water. (Bano et al.) Also, the improper sanitization and lack of clean water and electricity promotes the growth of deadly viruses and bacteria (Bano et al.). The only remain solution for Pakistan is to develop a plan for case immunization days, where the entire government must set up every one of its citizens to vaccinate their children and reduce the risk of contracting polio (Nishtar).After so umpteen dreadful years, India and Nigeria have shown promise of possibly attaining eradication in the next several years (Kelland). opposite countries have diligently strived to eradicate polio by spending over $6 million dollars on vaccination campaigns (Draper). Comparable to the Pakistan case study stated above, there are many issues that contribute to polios cosmos in developing countries. There is an increased rate of international travel which contributes to the spread of polio (Hecht). If the world wants to eradicate polio permanently, we must try to contain the virus, involving all the countries laboratories, identifying and destroying the source of polio viruses and establishing a post eradication immunization policy with W.H.O (World Health Organization) (Hecht). Each developing country also has to determine the different economic, cultural, social and geographical factors responsible for the persistence of polio (Bano et al.).Other reasons of polio still being wide spread are due to the low levels of literacy (causing the community to be unaware of vaccines), people following an unhealthful life, laborers who do not properly wash their hands before eating and improper drainage systems (Bano et al.). Additionally, a largenumber of children are mal nourished and extremely poor and health workers impose costs for vaccination services that are meant to be provided for free (Nishtar).Despite almost a billion dollars being donated for campaigns encouraging polio eradication, due to a shortfall of funds and lack of transparency in governance (Nishtar), there is much delay in interrupting the poliovirus transmission in third world countries (Kelland). According to Donaldson, who is the Chairman of the National Patient Safety Agency in UK, These are the children that the world forgot, growing up with no testimonial from polio at a time when most of the worlds parents have long forgotten what polio horizontal is. He also mentioned that, If the funding gap isnt bridged, future generations will surely look back and call into question how this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to destroy poliowas allowed to slip through our fingers. (Kelland)In conclusion, polio used to be an endemic before the 20th century and is still a major dilemma in third world countries today. We should be obliged to take action for this crisis and eradicate polio once and for all. Factors promoting the spread of polio, including poor sanitation, pitiable amount of clean supplies and low levels of literacy, require attention and should be solved with the assistance of money, dedicated health care workers and the government. Education, experimentation and discoveries which grow out of them are the best tools to protect the health of others (Hecht). All in all, the lesson to be learned is that the fight against infectious diseases will never come to an end and we must continue to strive on to at least reduce the risk of those in our society obtaining these diseases or illnesses. industrial plant CitedBallard, Carol. _From Cowpox to Antibiotics_. Chicago Reed Elsevier Inc. 2006. Print.Bano, Gulnaz, et al. Impediments in the implementation of polio eradication program. _Journal of__Natural Science, Biology and Medicine._ Gale Science In Contex t. 2011. Web.25 Feb 2013.Draper, Stark Allison. _Epidemics Deadly Diseases Throughout History_ _Polio._ New York The RosenPublishing Group Inc. 2001. Print.Hecht, Alan. _Deadly Diseases and Epidemics Polio_. New York Chelsea House Publishers. 2003.Print.Katz, Samuel L. Chasing polio in Pakistan Why the worlds largest public health initiative mayfail. _Journal of Clinical Investigation_. Science In Context. 2011. Web. 26 Feb 2013.Kelland, Kate. Polio eradication drive imperiled by funding shortfall. _Reuters Health Medical__News._ Gale Science In Context. 2012. Web. 24 Feb 2013.Nishtar, Sania. Pakistan, government and polio. _Bulletin of the World Health Organization._ Science InContext. Feb. 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2013.

Two Models of the Criminal Process Essay Example for Free

dickens seats of the censurable dish EssayAbstract The Criminal chasteness exemplification emphasizes the importance of protecting people, their property, and their rights for the good of the dupe and the completely society. The due Process stick is closer to our antiauthoritarian ideals, and emphasizes the importance of individual rights at either stages of the Criminal Procedure. The models represent the two different (and contradicting) views on cruel justice and Criminal Procedure Policy.Two Models of the Criminal Process Introduction Contemporary theory of criminal justice uses the two different criminal justice models the Crime Control Model and the overdue Process Model. Both models were designed by backpacker in 1964 and embrace constitutional determine (Zalman, 2002). However, these models represent the two different sets of criminal justice values and can never be used simultaneously. Although both models are equ tout ensembley applicable within the antiauthoritarian political framework, they cause different impact on shaping the Criminal Procedure Policy. The Criminal Control Model emphasizes the importance of protecting people, their property, and their rights for the good of the victim and the whole society (Samaha, 2005). The Crime Control Model implies that people are unable to fulfill their social functions, if they do not feel safe. Crime control, joy of societys needs, and discretion create the practical basis of this model.Very often, the Criminal Control Model is compared to the assembly line conveyor belt that moves the endless array of cases and suspects through the criminal justice transcription (Samaha, 2005). From the viewpoint of the Criminal Control Model, justice should be speedy, correct, and accurate. Under the influence of the Criminal Control Model, the whole Criminal Procedure Policy turns into the power which never makes mistakes and is eager to sacrifice several innocent suspects for the pursuit of s olving the crime. The Crime Control Model is frequently blamed for assuming that the alleged criminal is guilty before the court takes objective and correct decision. In its turn, the Due Process Model is closer to our democratic ideals, and emphasizes the importance of individual rights at all stages of the Criminal Procedure. Fair procedures form the essence of the Due Process Model fair procedures means decision making according to formal rules growing out of the score of Rights and the due process clauses of the U.S.Constitution and state constitutions (Samaha, 2005). In the Criminal Procedure Policy, the Due Process Model distrusts the power of government and implies that the governments decisions should be controlled. In many instances, the Due Process is resembling to the obstacle course it is distanced from the idea of unmistakable justice and is based on the fact finding principles (Zalman, 2002). In distinction from the Crime Control Model, the Due Process Model relies o n the equal treatment of all defendants and contradicts to the Crime Control Models view in that the rights of individuals can sometimes be hindered for the interestingness of the whole society and justice. Conclusion The Crime Control Model is close to conservative thinking, while the Due Process Model goes in line with liberal democratic ideals. The models represent the two different (and contradicting) views on criminal justice and Criminal Procedure Policy. It is impossible to determine which of the two procedures prevails, but evidently the Due Process Model has proved its superiority in the need to promote fairness of justice, equality of defendants rights, and the importance of legal procedures in the process of proving ones guilt.ReferencesSamaha, J. (2005). Criminal Justice. Thomson Wadsworth.Zalman, M. (2002). Criminal procedure Constitution and Society. tertiary edition. PearsonEducation Prentice Hall.

Gucci, Louis Vuitton And Vertu Essay Example for Free

Gucci, Louis Vuitton And connoisseurship EssayCreating prodigality posts is a difficult marketing exercise. It requires heavy investment in marketing communications, excellent crossing/ emolument quality, but above all(prenominal) these shufflings have to try to remain fashionable, which is notoriously difficult. Gucci, Louis Vuitton and vertu argon three successful so-called sumptuosity trademarks, that retail to the high-end market. Both Gucci and Louis Vuitton are well-established brands that have been around for decades, even centuries. yet connoisseurship, is a relatively tonic kid on the block, having only entered the luxury communications marketplace in 2000. vertu sells big-ticket(prenominal) liquid ph anes that retail for thousands of pounds. Only a handful of brands batch take a high place pull in among the worlds super rich (e.g. Ferrari, Rolex, etc.). These brands have to adopt innovative marketing strategies in fix up to succeed in this dynamic en vironment. What do they do differently to create this luxury appeal?Marketers are moving from the traditional marketing mix approach towards greater accustom of existential marketing. This is where customers are treat as both rational and emotional individuals that seek experiences from reapings. The ap evidence is to engage customers in a memorable experience around the convergence/service, developing a relationship with customers and creating an affinity with them. The central aim of experiential marketing is to create an emotional attachment among the brand and the customer. Gucci, Louis Vuitton and vertu provide this experience with their unique convergence take to and features, their outstanding service, their exclusive retail environment, their price, their selective channels of distribution, their distincive packaging and the general benefits associated with their unique brand proposes. To promote a product to the high-market it is important that the customers hav e the right experience so that the desired savourings, images and perspectives become linked with the product/service and their marketing programme.It is necessary for the brand to convey a personality that the customer can relate to, or worry to aspire to and then communicate this to others.Consumers of these brands incur that they too are fashion and design conscious, that they too are wealthy, and that they are pct of the in-crowd. In legion(predicate) cases, luxury brands are tapping into the aspirational de abodeer market luxury brands are fling products at different expenditure points in the hope that sometime during the customers lifetime they pull up stakes trade up to their much exclusive cheat ons. However, the encounter of democratising the brand is that they may lose their aura of exclusivity as it can be obtained by anyone.Gucci, Louis Vuitton and virtu verify on the imagery of their products to appeal to the high-end market. The prestigious pricing of the ir products creates a high quality image and positions the goods in the mind of the consumer as a status symbol. The success of Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Vertu can be attributed to quality of service, brand image, retail environment, management structure and above all their ability to combine these factors to create an exclusive experience. We lead instantaneously take a closer look at how these companies became what they are today, while focusing on unique product features and image, their brand imagery, retail environments and channels of distribution.GucciGucci has experienced many changes since it opened its introductory baggage attach to in Florence in 1921. At first, it mainly sold only luxury leather goods. inwardly a few old age the store became popular among international and affluent clientele. By the 1950s Guccis global presence was established with its first store in the US in radical York. By the 1970s stores were opened in London, capital of France, Palm Beach, Hong Kong and Tokyo. It has become a authentically global luxury brand. Today, Gucci has all over 415 stores worldwide and in 2008 alone, reported barters of 3.4 billion (an increase of 5.5% on the previous year). Gucci was excessively bedded number 41 in the Interbrand Best Global BrandSurvey 2009.The high fashion intentness is notoriously competitive with rivals much(prenominal) as Hermes, Dior, Chanel, and Prada, all vying for a slice of the action. This increased competition has resulted in the Gucci group becoming a multi-brand connection, which consists of several well known brands, such as Alexander McQueen, Stella McCartney and Yves venerate Laurent. While the Gucci brand represents the core business of the Gucci Group (accounting for 65% of total revenue), the Gucci Empire now consists of eleven leading brands and the channel of distribution differs for each. For example, Yves Saint Laurent uses not only directly operated stores but also points of sale in leadingd epartment stores mainly based in Europe to reach a wider twine of customers.A major influence on the success of Gucci in the 90s can be attributed to the appointment of leading designer Tom ford. He joined Gucci in 1990 as the companys Womenswear Designer and became Creative Director of Gucci. With Tom Fords vision, Guccis image was reinvented. He was creditworthy for product lines, store image and store design. In March 1995, Tom Fords first collection caught the attention of the press by utilising sex and glamour. Within a year of Tom Fords launch of his naked as a jaybird collection, Guccis profits rose by 90% and the company is now worth nearly $500 million. However, Ford vacated his position in the Gucci Group in 2004 due to issues of bid in the renewal of contracts, issues which could not be resolved between the two parties.32-year-old Frida Giannini, who originally joined Gucci in 2002 as Handbag Design Director now serves as Creative Director for the entire Gucci brand a nd to regard she served the company well, transforming Gucci classics into modern, successful designs. In addition to the role she plays in the creation of new Gucci products, Giannini immerses herself in other aspects of the business she has taken an active role in developing new design concepts for Gucci stores, as well as taking responsibility for the creative direction of all publicize campaigns. She has also been responsible for(p) for the brands increased use of celebrities to promote the brand, including Drew Barrymore and Clare Danes for their jewellery campaigns and singers Rihanna and Madonna for their Unicef initiatives.So what is the paint to Guccis success? The essence of Gucci is its exclusivity. The brand portrays a sexy and vibrant image, which is communicated by dint of their designs, fashion shows and advertising. The greatness of the Gucci brands positioning is that it is distinctive and has an aura of exclusivity amongst its channelize audience.The image and aura of prestige environ Gucci gives added value to their products. This is created through advertising, innovative designers and the whole experience of buying Gucci. Gucci uses controversial advertising suchas the promotion of their perfume Opium with a naked image of Sophie Dahl. This caused uproar in Britain and was banned by the advertising standards, as it accounted for a third of all complaints about poster adverts. However this campaign managed to win advertising awards throughout Europe. Guccis advertisement in Vogue also created controversy with an image of a muliebrity with the letter G imprinted in her pubic hair. These illustrations helped gain media coverage for the campaigns and boosted brand awareness.Typically, the Gucci brand tries to appeal to women in their 20s or 30s with high quality, fashionable products, and those who aspire to be part of the jet set lifestyle. This image attracts people who feel they can relate to this profile or who wish to aspire to this image. Gucci achieves this in many rooms stores are located on expensive high pathway locations, thus attracting affluent consumers. The window displays are provocative and the interior has a free flow layout as its visually charitable and allows consumers to browse comfortably.The dcor is rich and classic to add to the atmosphere of the store. The salespeople are model-like, smartly dressed all in black and ready to assist consumers in any way. Even the credentials guard is suitably dressed to add to the image. The distinctive Gucci packaging concludes the experience. Gucci has directly operated stores to ensure that they retain adjudge over their products and can build their image around these stores. About 70% of sales are do in Gucci stores alone. It is also possible to view and purchase Gucci products online, thus reaching a far greater target audience.Louis VuittonThe famous brand started out back in the 1850s. The founder was made famous for crafting baggage for Napoleon. From theses roots the brand has become synonymous with luggage and in particular handbags. Louis Vuitton is very much the invidia of the industry, recording an operating margin of 45%, whilst the industry average is only 25% for luxury accessories. The company is famous for its handbags, but also sells a range of wallets, briefcases, eyeglass cases etc. The brand is estimate to be worth approximately $19 billion.Louis Vuitton stand out from their peers through their relentless focus on product quality. All products are spaciously tested to make sure that they can withstand wear and tear, and that in that location are no imperfections. The company has blended mechanisation and handmade craftsmanship into their products, boosting their productivity, maintaining that high level of product quality, whilst still holding onto the allure of handmade quality. All Louis Vuitton products contain the eponymous LV initials and many of the products use the brown Damier and Monogram Canvas materials, which were first used by the company in the 80s.The company markets its products through its own stores, which allows it to control quality and pricing. In maintaining the prestige image of the Louis Vuitton brand, the company operates a pricing rectitude strategy amongst its entire distribution network a Louis Vuitton bag is never reduced in impairment and there are no sale periods. The company offers customised products such as personal engraving on hand luggage pieces, boosting its appeal further. Furthermore, the company sponsors elite sporting events such as yachting and motorsport events. This is in effort to match the audience of sponsorship property with the target audience of the brand itself.Like other subvention brands, such as Gucci, Louis Vuitton has also turned to the use of celebritys to market the brand, with the likes of Madonna, Jennifer Lopez and Gisele Bundchen featuring in advertising campaigns. Over recent years, the brand has tried to mod ernise its image by utilising the talents of young designers and artists to rejuvenate the image of some of their products, whilst maintaining the classic designs. An example of this was the use of designer Marc Jacobs who created a limited edition handbag range with featured graffiti over the monogram pattern in 2001.Other limited editions patterns created by designers for the brand implicate the Monogram Multicolore range and the Cherry Blossom Range, which were only made available to VIP customers, further enhancing the exclusivity of the brand. Hermes, a key rival of Louis Vuitton, create even greater exclusivity by having a three-year waiting list before one of their bags can be obtained. These bags are handcrafted, adding to their appeal even further. The reinvention and rejuvenation of Louis Vuitton in more recent years has assisted the brand in attracting a younger target audience, thereby increasing customer base. However no one designer has eclipsed the powerful brand ima ge of Louis Vuitton itself, unlike other design brands.VertuVertu is a unique luxury brand specialising in top of the range, deluxe mobile anticipates. launch in 2000, the Vertu brand was a big gamble for Nokia, its parent company, to take. Nokia, previously the worlds roughly successful mobile phone manufacturer, developed this new brand as a way of creating an exclusive luxury brand in mobile telephony. However, Nokia does not publicise the linkage between Nokia and Vertu and therefore does not gain from any brand linkages or associations. In essence, their products are jewellery-like mobile telephones. Vertu headquarters are located in the United Kingdom with several offices situated worldwide including capital of France, New York, Hong Kong and capital of Singapore. As a new entrant tothe market, Vertus main focus was on creating product awareness among the elite and to create a brand that is exclusive and luxurious. Vertu utilises craftsmanship, precision engineering, high- end engine room and a unique personal service dimension to create a distinctive luxury brand.Vertus concept is to make mobile phones in the same vein as prestigious watch brands such as Rolex and Patek Philippe. Mobile phones typically retail for around 100 400 pounds, however Vertu is aimed at the top end of the market, those who can afford to spend thousands on a mobile phone. For example, the most expensive model ever made by the brand is the Signature Cobra, which retailed at a massive 217,000 The most expensive regular model made by Vertu is the Signature Diamond, at a more affordable 62,000. These phones are typically made using precious metals like gold, silver or platinum along with ticket Italian leather for better grip and have jewelled bearings.When people buy a Vertu they are buying a badge of exclusivity, luxury and uniqueness. It was believed that if watches, pens or even wallets can be transformed into luxury brands, then why not a mobile phone. With mobile phone penetration constantly on the increase and having surpassed 100% in Europe alone, phone manufacturers need new strategies to get people to buy newer phones. Newer engine room was a prime motivator in consumers buying a new phone. Vertu have taken a different approach they want their phones to be status symbols.For a technology product, this is a first, as products lose their value very quickly, with constant technological advances whirl new and improved product features. Rather than launch their new product range at technology shows, which is the industry norm, Vertu instead prefers to become associated with fashion shows, launching for example their new range during Paris fashion week. Thus this brand is aiming to create a fashion brand rather than a technology brand, in an attempt to woo people through its fashion status.A big selling point associated with these phones is the Vertu Concierge Service. Vertu Concierge provides specialised travel assistance, allowing users to acces s and reserve restaurants, hotels, concert tickets and muchmore. Having a Vertu mobile phone allows users to access this exclusive concierge service, 24 hours a day from anywhere in the world, where they allow for try to assist the every whim of the user. This service is free for the first year, but you have to conduct a subsequent subscription of 500 per annum to use the service. Vertu also offers a customisation service thus truly differentiating itself and allowing the firm to earn even higher margins. Also the company offers free upgradability when new technology emerges. The company has established flagship stores in exclusive shopping districts, so that it was close to other exclusive brands, thus benefiting from a halo effect.Vertu has developed a unique buying experience by creating a gallery-like feel to its retail environments. In order to create this new level of luxury to mobile communication retailing, Vertu focused an enormous amount of attention onto store layout. E ach display case is made from architectural glass, limestone textures and floors combined with warm lighting, ultimately enhancing the ambience of the store. Minimalist design was used in order to create the illusion of space. In keeping with the element of exclusivity, original artworks were commissioned and exhibited throughout the stores. Selections of short films are also projected in-store. By offering a first class personal service combined with extensive product knowledge, Vertu has enhanced their image of reliability and expertise.Vertu announced the opening of its flagship stores in Paris and Singapore in October 2002. It has since opened new channels of distribution, with over 600 retail outlets worldwide and 400 employees and it intends to put out to build on this. Along with their stores in Paris and Singapore, Vertu has Client Suites in London, New York, Hong Kong and Singapore and also has points of sale located in some of the worlds leading department stores and fine jewellers. The company were extremely selective when choosing suitable retail channels. They sought department stores that catered for an international client base, and who target very affluent shoppers. Stores must have a global reputation of offering quality and luxury across all product ranges and whose philosophy of high product knowledge and excellent personal service are agreeable with that of Vertus.For example, Vertu entered into a partnership with a renowned Hong Kong jeweller, King FookJewellery. The presentation of these new speciality stores has made the Vertu range of phones more accessible to its exclusive client base in Hong Kong. As a direct result of this new partnership, Vertus Signature ingathering is now available in a range of precious metals, such as gold and platinum. To date the company has entered into a number of joint ventures such as Vertu and Goldsmiths located at Harrods in London, Trafford Centre in Manchester, and Bluewater, Kent. This partnership was established to gain greater market share in the UK marketplace. Vertu phones are also available to purchase through their website. With the aid of this distribution channel, customers can now personalise their mobile phone to their own individual tastesConclusionIn order to retain product exclusivity it is put right that you need to provide an excellent product and exceptional service experience, as this creates an emotional attachment between the customer and the brand. Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Vertu have made this experience possible through their distinct products and services, their prestigious pricing (thus indicating their superb quality), their exclusive retail environment and their selective channels of distribution.Maintaining that fashion status and aura of exclusivity is of native concern to these exclusive luxury brands. For example, the fashion brand Burberry has now become synonymous with the infamous chav subculture in Britain. This once fashion icon brand of th e country elite has now be adopted as the brand of choice for thousands of working class Britons, devaluing the brand amongst the fashion elite. The emergence of the so-called chav subculture has garnered the Burberry brand casteless press coverage. The Ben Sherman brand also fought hard to overcome its association with yob culture similarly doc Martins were associated with skinheads. By extending their brands to items such as baseball caps, perfumes etc. it can diminish the exclusiveness of a label, sacrificing the brand equity for increased revenue.It is evident that Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Vertu use different promotionalstrategies. For instance, Gucci incorporates controversial issues into their marketing strategy to promote brand imagery, Louis Vuitton utilises celebrity endorsements, whereas Vertu concentrates on the benefits and quality of product features. However, all brands are consistent when it comes to retail environment and channels of distribution. The store design a nd layout plays a crucial role in creating an image of exclusivity to appeal to the high-end market. It is essential to have alignment of the prospective target market expectations of a store offering and the identity that the brand wants to communicate.Companies targeting the high-end market must create the illusion of exclusivity, while generating a seductive atmosphere, appealing to the senses. Once blended together, these elements will help form a pleasurable and distinctive experience that will differentiate your product line from that of your competitors. Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Vertu use exclusive channels of distribution to ensure greater control. This control enables them to exercise greater flexibility on their product ranges and the ability to adjust to the changing market efficiently. This adds to the image of exclusivity and quality of the products. Therefore it can be concluded that in order for a product to develop and retain its exclusivity, marketers must create an overall experience that appeals to and attracts the high-end market.

Ethics Goes To Hollywood Essay Example for Free

Ethics Goes To Hollywood set aboutWhen we think of morality with regards to Hollywood, some volume might even question if in that location really be any left? With the growing crook of moralists and critics that easily tar prolong Hollywood, moral philosophy has become an important ingredient that seems to be set aside. Many of the characterisations that argon be shown today presents violence, nudity and lack of values embodied with the film. But there can always be an argument about how is ethics really perceived by means of the movie industry? Some might doubt but actually when we look spin through over-all violence and those unaccept qualified factors to moralists, some movies do posses ethics in them. Most of the time, those ethics argon just overlooked by the over-all presence of the movie. When we analyze and breakdown a movie and study the characters there is a great opportunity to realize the moral fiber of the film. In recent memory, there are only a few mov ies that have produced an unusual style of manifestation in the silver screen. sensation of those movies showed up during 2007 through a film titled ccc. It was based from Frank Millers graphic raw in like manner named 300. This movie adaptation of the novel is also based from the Battle of Thermopylae that was retold in a fictional sense.To further analyze the movie, the following paragraph will showcase the movies summary. Beginning with the presentation on a how a Spartan boy grows up and how he emerges to be king of Sparta, the movie was narrated by Dilios, a spartan pass who was able to live and tell the tale. After years of being Spartas king, Leonidas received a messenger who was sent by the Iranian ruler Xerxes. The messenger presented an offer that fierce king Leonidas, jumper leading the messenger kicked down a seemingly bottomless pit.The message was sent clear, the Persian army is about to come, to invade Sparta and add it up to their growing territory. force Leo nidas then consulted the Ephors, priests who consult the visionary for resolves from the gods. Proposing a plan to block the Persian army by defending the ardent Gates of Thermopylae, King Leonidas was furious by the Ephors advice of not to fight because the oracle said that it was forbidden and the gods will get raging if they do. Despite all of this, Leonidas stood strong with his firm decision to defend the Hot Gates.He gathered 300 of the greatest Spartan soldiers and assembled a party that would hold off thousands of Persians. As they have reached the Hot Gates, they defended it for age just to protect Sparta. King Leonidas courageously led the way by standing strong to his principles until the end. The number of the Persian army was too much for the 300 Spartans and eventually led to their deaths. Only maven soldier was tasked to return to Sparta to tell the tale, Dilios, who forever made Leonidas and the 300 Spartans, remembered.LEONIDAS AND HIS VIRTUES The whole essenc e of the story evolved in Leonidas answer to his ethical dilemma that concerned with his decision to push through scorn a number of people prohibiting him. One example was when he was discouraged by the Ephors or priests to pursue his plan because it was the time of the Carneian festival. His ethical dilemma would be is that if he pushes through with his plan, he would be disrespecting the Carneian but he would be able to salvage some time to defend Sparta.Despite the senates disapproval of sending the whole Spartan army, Leonidas set about his dilemma by standing strong with his beliefs and forming an army of 300 to continue his plan. another(prenominal) example would be seen during the scene where the Persians were negotiating with Leonidas. First was during the arrival of the Persian messenger who offered Leonidas salvation of the Spartans from the Persian army if he yields. Another was during their stay at the Hot Gates, when King Xerxes himself talked to Leonidas personally and again proposed to have them spared if he yields to the Persians.Both of these instances presented a same result, Leonidas refusing to give up and standing strong to his principles. Choosing the side of whats right than whats wrong, suggests Leonidas firm ethical justness and proper morality virtues. OTHER ETHICAL THEORIES PRESENTED Egoism is also depicted in the movie as seen in Xerxes motivation to rule and conquer the world. His actions towards self-interests boost his drive to invade and gain territories. In one instance, he even called himself the king and ruler of the world.A little bit of Egoism can also be attributed to Leonidas. His strong desire to win and his confidence to bring only 300 soldiers despite acute that his enemy would be thousands in number suggests a showing of Egoism. CONCLUSION When we analyze the definition of ethics we easily incorporate it with whats write and whats wrong. Most of it solely depends on how we make that decision. The movie 300 despit e its over-all violent nature still possessed that essential factor of morality and the integration of ethics through the characters, most especially Leonidas.Being the Spartan king, his decision to protect his kingdom by defending the Hot Gates despite disagreements by the senate and the priests caused his ethical dilemma. By overcoming this dilemma and choosing what he knows is right, it created a chain of events that lead to his popularity and immortality through the help of the story thats still known up to today. Despite Xerxes tempting offers in drift for him to surrender, Leonidas strong principles carried him all the way to legendary proportions.Driven by a kings instincts, Leonidas died for the people of Sparta which caused them to be more inspired and more driven to defeat the Persian army that arrived pass the Hot Gates. All in all, despite Hollywoods descending reputation in accordance with moralists, people can still find ethics in movies. People just need to look pas s through and analyze the details to get the even bigger picture.ReferencesMackie, J L. (1977). Ethics Inventing Right and Wrong. New York Penguin Books. Simpson, R. H. (1972). Leonidas Decision. Phoenix (Vol 26, pp. 1-11).

Clinical Psychology Paper Essay Example for Free

Clinical psychology Paper EssayThe great evangelist D.T. Niles once said, Christianity is just single beggar telling another beggar where to find bread (Niles, 2010). At its most basic level, clinical psychology is the enterprise of one educated, licensed person using his or her knowledge of homosexual sort to address, assuage, or otherwise moderate the troubles and concerns of another persons lifewhether they be relational, affective, or physiological. purely speaking, clinical psychology is, the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and mienal problems and disorders (Plante, 2011, p. 5).Clinical psychology is a scientific endeavor, utilizing the puppet of the scientific method to inform the practice, procedures, and treatments used to address human problems. There is an interplay that exists between treatment consequence research and psychotherapeutics in clinical psychologythe science informs the cunning and the art informs the science (Plante, 2 011). The oral sex of this paper is to catalogue and compare the muniment and evolving nature of clinical psychology as well as to consider the specific case of hash out within the framework of clinical psychology.HistoryHippocratesthe original writer of the Hippocratic Oathformed the first complete, if nave, physiological explanation of disease and dysfunction (Plante, 2011). He proposed that imbalances in the mixture and quantity of four fluids black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood, caused several emotions and psychological maladjustment, such as sadness, irritability, and anger. It was not until the advents of Plato that it was conceived that the metaphysical realm of the soul could have an effect on the corporeal domain. However, it was to Galen that a holistic theory of medicine was formed that incorporated the physiological explanations of Hippocrates with the metaphysical explanations of Plato. Even though Galens ideas of bloodbath were flawed, it was a step in the d irection of objective explanations of illness and disease.During the middle ages the work of Thomas Aquinas, Paracelsus, and Weyer shifted the backchat of psychology away from the metaphysical and toward physical explanations of rational illness, such as bodily causes, movements of the stars, and behavior. Furthermore, at the mop up of the Renaissance and into the nineteenth atomic number 6 the veil of shadow and secrecy behind the inner workings of the mind, body, and cellular phone were ripped from his or her places and the mediums of scientific observation and laboratory investigation were instituted in the place of religion and mysticism as the sole explanation of illness.The works of Rush, Bernard, and Pinel during this period of history paved the way for more humane approaches to the deviate and deviantapproaches that sought to alleviate psychological dysfunction rather than simply separate and restrain the dysfunctional. The affinity of psychology proper came on the he els of the publishing of Wundts The Elements of Psychophysics in 1850 and James Principles of Psychology in 1890 (Plante, 2011). These publications, along with the institution of the first psychological laboratory by Wundt, culminated in the founding of the Ameri piece of tail Psychological connexion (APA) in 1892. The main drive behind the fledgling field of psychology was to measure empirically behavior to the end of understanding the subsidiary components of the mind itself.Hence, when clinical psychology first got on its feet four old age later (1896), through and through the opening of the first clinic by Witmer, many psychologists frowned upon the application of the principles of human behavior to clinical situations. This was seen as a step away from a general understanding of human behavior and toward irregular or dysfunctional psychology. Despite the initial tension between clinical psychology and mainstream psychology, the first testis classes in clinical psychology be gan in 1904 at the University of Pennsylvania and the first edition of the Journal of kinky Psychology was published in 1907.Evolving NatureDespite the disinclination of the APA to embrace an applied approach to psychology, clinical psychology grew rapidly in the beginning of the twentieth century (Plante, 2011). Going back to Platos enmity of the metaphysical affecting the corporeal, Sigmund Freud postulated that unconscious conflict and strife could have a direct outcome on psychological and physical illness. The work of Freud shaped and molded the direction of clinical psychology for many decades by and by his death. Even though it was not until the Boulder Conference of 1949 that the rearing guidelines for clinical psychology were mapped out and sculpted in stone, so to speak.One of the main tenets of these guidelines was that clinical psychologists should have a firm understanding of some(prenominal) psychological research and psychotherapy. It was not until the 1950s an d on that Freuds ideas of human psychology were exchanged for the alternatives of humanism, cognitive-behaviorism, and family systems approaches (Plante, 2011). The changes in psychological perspective were precipitated by the establishment of community mental health facilities and the introduction of psychotropic drugs as a treatment of abnormal psychology.Even though these advancements in conception and treatment offered alternatives to the traditional ideas of psychodynamics and behaviorism, no one theory of human psychology proved to explain the entirety of behavior, dysfunction, and cognition. To that end, parsimoniously eclectic approaches to psychology were choosesuch as the biopsychosocial theorythat incorporated many of the ideas and practices from the abovementioned perspectives.Current IssuesThe last century of clinical psychology has been characterized by an illness ideology that emphasizes the treatment or stripes of disorders (Maddux, 2008). Even though this approach has utility in the realm of psychotherapy it lacks the ability to enhance the quality of life for people who do not nurture from some type of mental illness. Maddux (2008) proposes that a shift toward positive psychologya perspective that stresses human strengths and mental healthshould be pursued. Positive psychology aims to, promote health, happiness, physical fitness, and pleasure, and personal fulfillment through the free pursuit of chosen and valued goals (Maddux, 2008, p. 68).By shifting toward positive psychology the strengths of people can be used to promote mental health preemptively as well as combat mental illness. At the forefront of the implementation of positive psychology is the innovation of virtual reality (VR) as a means to allow patients to manipulate problematic situations related to his or her mental illness without the use of psychotherapy (Riva, 2009). By creating a safe and comfortable virtual environment patients can explore proactive slipway to adapt and mediate his or her mental health problems.Research and Statistics in Clinical Counseling PsychologyRather than approach this section from a structuralist approach (e.g. the ancillary parts of clinical hash out psychology), it seems provident to offer a specific example of how research and statistics are used and effect clinical counseling psychology. Bakar, Jaafar, Mohamed Tarmizi (2009) sought to establish a correlation between counseling self-efficacy and trainee counselor performance. Their research found that therefore there is a positive relationship (r(100)=.312p.05) and furthermore that a general tendency exists whereby self-efficacy predicts future performance.As Plante (2011) put it, The science of clinical psychology informs the art while the art also informs the science (p. 6). In the case of Bakars et al. (2009) research, by using the statistical data collected in their study the art of counseling can be influenced and adapted by the science of research and statistic s. Specifically Bakars et al. suggested that the training of supervisors is of preponderant importance to trainee self-efficacy, because high competence in the supervisor encourages high competence in the trainee.ConclusionIn sum, from the first theory of interplay between the metaphysical and the corporeal to the first postulations of a biological basis for mental illness, the investigation of the human condition has sought an explanation for the relationship between psychology and physiology. As the history of psychology in general progressed there was a tendency to seek out more empirical, scientifically ascertainable explanations of human behavior.However, as clinical psychology rose in the late 19th century and early 20th century an applied approach to mental illness was adopted that emphasized a hands-on method to treatment. Currently there is a shift in clinical psychology toward prevention and human strengths and away from the illness ideology of the past century. This can be seen most readily in the institution of VR as a preemptive approach to mental illness. Research and statistics act for clinical counseling psychology as a compass or corrective instrument to inform the practice and training of clinical counseling psychologists.ReferencesBakar, A.R., Jaafar, W.M., Mohamed, O., Tarmizi, R.A. (2009). The influence of counseling self-efficacy toward trainee counselor performance. International Journal of Learning, 16(8), 247-260. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Education Research masterly database. Maddux, J. E. (2008). Positive psychology and the illness ideology Toward a positive clinical psychology. Applied Psychology, 57(1), 54-70. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Business stock manage database. Niles, D.T. (2010). Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Thinkexist.com web site http//thinkexist.com/quotation/christianity_is_one_beggar_telling_another_beggar/203369.html Plante, T. G. (2011). Contemporary clinical psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wile y Sons Riva, G. (2009). virtual(prenominal) reality An experiential tool for clinical psychology. British Journal of Guidance Counselling, 37(3), 337-345. Retrieved April 22, 2011, from Education Research Complete database.

Cars Versus motorcycles Essay Example for Free

Cars Versus motorcycles EssayIn the united states umteen raft buy cars and motorcycles. Some commonwealth prefer driving cars rather than motorcycles. Both argon very touristy types of transportation these days. Cars and motorcycles drive home many differences in their cost, convenience ,safety, allay and maintenance.The first difference between cars and motorcycles are the cost. For example, people need to pay a lot of money if they want to buy or rent a car. however, motorcycles are cheaper to rent or buy. Also, cars are more convenient than motorcycles. For instance, cars bottomland transport many people but motorcycles do not do it. Also, cars have air condition and people can listen music while they rebuff. Other, advantages have a car is another somebody can drive for someone when he is drunk. Motorcycles are most popular in young people because is most exciting, prospering to parking and avoids traffic.The second important difference is safety. For example, ca rs have seat beats and air bags can comfort the drivers. However ,in motorcycles, people only can use helmet, so drivers are fragile. Also, cars have a detain most protectors in case of chance event than motorcycles. Although, the car insurance is the most expensive than motorcycles it covers all damage. Also, people in motorcycle need to use sunglasses for protect their eyes. In case of terrible accident people in motorcycle died, so cars are most safety.Other essential differences are comfort and maintenance .Motorcycles do not have comfort because seats are very awkward. However ,cars have soft seats and if it is raining people will not get wet. When people need to miscellany oil and tires, it is very expensive. Also, cars are most difficult to repair and use a lot of gas. However ,motorcycles are too easy repair because do not have a big motor. Motorcycles are not difficult to maintain.In conclusion ,cars and motorcycles are very different in their cost, convenience, safety, comfort and maintenance. A lot of people buy cars or motorcycles, it is a very common type of transportation .Each person buys a vehicle that they like for their features.

Type and density of liquid Essay Example for Free

Type and density of liquid state EssayThese are the variables that I could choose to tenseness on. I have chosen to focus and adapt on the idea of insulation. Prediction I divine that the more insulation (layers) there is, the smaller the reduction in heat. I think this because when the outside disperse tries to touch the container to cool it, it bequeath be stopped by the insulation, so it will take long- playing to cool. Also, when heat tries to escape from the container, it will go into the first layer of insulation, which will thusly absorb the heat. It would then still keep the container warm, not letting as much heat out as fast.I also predict that if I have a lid it will take even thirster to cool, because, as you can see in the picture below, evaporation will also take place. If I have a lid, the heat will then be stopped from escaping into the air through the top. As shown below- Equipment Timer- this is to time the amount of money of time the liquid is in the container. This will limit positive(predicate) that the time will be the same for apiece experiment. Data logger and Thermometer- this is to take the temperature of the water. I will use cardinal forms of identifying the temperature. This way I can compare the two results and see if there are any forceful differences.Also, a datalogger is accurate, but I will still use a thermometer to back up my results. detachment Material- I am pass to use a spark type material as my insulation. Clamp- I will use a clamp to hold both the datalogger and thermometer above the container. Container- I am going to use a glass beaker to hold the liquid. I am apply this instead of a polystyrene loving cup, because the cup would hold residue heat, which would affect our results. Also a polystyrene cup is already quite insulated. * Kettle- this is to heat the liquid before I put it in the container.I will clean out the kettledrum, to compensate sure there is no bleak, therefore the heat will b e reflected back into the kettle, instead off creation absorbed. This should help it to r separately its highest temperature. I will make sure that there is 1litre of water in the kettle each time put it on to boil. Measuring Apparatus- I will put the water instantaneously into the glass beaker, measuring it in there. Lid- To put over the glass beaker to try and prevent evaporation. Fair test and Other Factors that need to be restrainled There are things that I will need to try and make sure are the same throughout my experiment.These are Amount of liquid- I will have to make sure that each time I refill the glass beaker I have the same amount of liquid. To do this I will measure it in some measuring apparatus. Each time I will use the same type and size of measuring apparatus, for the same accuracy. To make this even fairer I will simply measure the amount of water in my glass beaker, so I contend that it will always be the same. Temperature of surroundings- there is not much I can do to control this, but to make sure there is no drastic change, I will stay away(p) from radiators and places in direct sunlight.Shape, Colour, Size, Surface Area and Thickness of container- will have to be the same throughout my experiment to keep it fair and to get reliable results. For instance, if I had a different colour container each time I did my experiment it would affect my results. This would be, because instead of reflecting the heat back in, if I had a black container it would absorb the heat. To make sure of this I will use the same container each time. Temperature of liquid to start- I will try to keep the around the same. If I cannot keep the temperature the same I will bonnie measure the difference between the two (start and end).Type and Density of Liquid- I will keep using the same type of liquid throughout my experiment because some types may loose heat at a different rate than others. I will use water because it is easily available, and it is the same each time. Surface container is on- will have to be the same. If for example I was to put it on a foam surface one day, and something different another day, it would affect how much heat is lost. This is due to the surface acting as insulation. Lid- I am going to use a lid each time. This should stop a lot of heat reduction through evaporation, which I have already explained in my prediction.

Affinity Orientation Discrimination Cases Study Essay Example for Free

Affinity Orientation Discrimination Cases Study EssayImagine that you are a segment manager and you remember out that a man you work with has become a char, or you find out a woman you work with enjoys the private comp each of woman, would these concepts cause you to discriminate against your employees in the study? Analysis of case studies, mind applicable laws, and recommending clearly defined policies for the study will assist with substantiateing and preventing likeness orientation disagreement. It is important in todays body of work to cast off an intricate understanding of the difference mingled with semblance orientation and the word stir as it pertains to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII). The frontier sex referred to in Title VII represents the gender of an individual employee. Affinity orientation refers to the intimate descent that an individual may have with a nonher individual of the same gender, or an individuals desire to become the glacial gender, both temporarily or permanently. There are various types of affinity orientation, none of which are defend by Title VII (Bennett-Alexander, 2001 p.243).One example affinity orientation would be a woman who is a sapphic or a man who is gay. It is becoming increasingly popular for men and women to have a surgical procedure performed to become the opposite gender this too is a form of affinity orientation. Affinity orientation has become a subject of adversity in the workforce as a result of there being little protection against discrimination for employees participating in the various types of affinity orientation. Case study analysis is a method that management can utilize to better understand affinity orientation in the work and preventing discrimination.Case Study 1Michael is employed at rudiment Hospital as an operating nourish. Michael had taken a leave of absence from work to have a gender change operation. Upon Michaels return to work at ABC Hospital Michael wanted to be turn to bythe name Michelle. Since Michelle completed the gender change surgical procedures she felt that she had the right to utilize the womens cabinet room and shower st whole like all the other women employed at ABC Hospital. The anthropoid employees did non want Michelle to use the mens locker room because of her gender change. The women refused to share the womens locker room with Michelle, because the women knew of Michelles original gender.At ABC Hospital it is standard procedure for operating room nurses to wear unisex surgical scrubs. Therefore, I do not see the reason why she want use the men locker and shower room. Michelle is not wearing a uniform dress with a cap as a nurse while at work. I feel that she is still considered as a man.Michelle is hoping to file discrimination against her co-workers since having the sex change because no one is accepting her as a female. If she were hired as a male she should not feel discriminatory. I think tha t she should be accommodated with a locker room and shower that is for either a man or a woman.Case Study 2Tracy is a lesbian who alleges that she has been denied an inborn companionship promotion due to the fact that her part manager does not want to support her lesbian lifestyle. Mr. Green, Tracys department manager, is accused of discriminating against Tracy by not writing her a letter of recommendation for a promotion. Tracy feels that the excellent yearly performance reviews that Mr. Green wrote for her entitles her to obtain a letter of recommendation from Mr. Green. There are legitimate reasons for Tracys discrimination claim to be denied.Title VII offers protection against discrimination at the workplace however, Title VII does not protect against affinity orientation in the workplace. There are no federal laws that prevent a person from being fired or refused a job on the basis of affinity orientation. There are however, the First, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America, that offer freedom of speech, the right to privacy, and equalprotection under law (Bennett-Alexander, 2001, p.243). Tracy does not have a discrimination claim against her department manager Mr. Green as a result of affinity orientation.Tracys supervisor Mr. Green gave her excellent one-year performance evaluations that are more than sufficient enough to apply and expect to be eligible any company promotions. Mr. Green is not obligated to give employees letters of recommendation for promotions, transfers, or applications for utilisation inside(a) or outside of the company where he is employed as a department manager.The company followed all employee performance review procedures correctly. It is standard practice for companies to place the best-suited candidate in vacant lay outs. The use of employment evaluations ensures that all candidates are given equal opportunity for job advancements. Should Mr. Green have given Tracy brusque performance evaluations on a consistent basis, Tracy may have been able to prove a discrimination claim. It is important to have set policies in place to keep employees informed of what criteria must be met for company advancement or promotions. Employment manuals are a suitable method of ensuring that employees are notified of company policies.In an effort to eliminate future claims of discrimination in the workplace relating to company advancement, Mr. Green should have naturalised set policies regarding letters of recommendation. It is recommended that Mr. Green have the employee manual clearly state that department managers are not permitted to write referral letters for employees applying any positions within the company. The policy would be based on the fact that a letter of recommendation made by a department manager could indicate preference in the workplace and unfair advantage for certain employees.Another option Mr. Green could have implemented would be to permit employe es to obtain letters of recommendation from sources outside of the company. Outside recommendations could strengthen an employees resume while not creating the opportunity for discrimination in the workplace. An implemented policy that addresses the importance of an employees ability to meet andsatisfy the requirements of the position would lessen the likeliness of a discrimination claim. Regardless of which position the company takes with respect to letters of recommendation, employees would be advised of company policies well in advance of applying for any positions within the company.Taking precautions in the workplace through the use of implemented policies can eliminate potential discrimination claims. Analyzing case studies, reviewing applicable laws, and recommending policies for the workplace are an excellent method of preventing affinity orientation discrimination.ReferencesBennett-Alexander, D. D., Hartman, L. P. (2001). Employment Law for Business (III ed.) Boston, Massa chusetts Mc Graw-Hill Primis.

Japanese Comfort Women Essay Example for Free

Nipponese Comfort Women EssayIt is estimated that between one and two hundred thousand young-bearing(prenominal) sex slaves were forced to deliver sexual services to Japanese soldiers, both before and during World war II. These women were known as relieve women and the Imperial Conference, which was composed of the emperor, representatives from the armed forces and the main Cabinet ministers, approved their usage by Japanese soldiers. Walkom) The term consolation women refers to the victims of a premeditated systematic plan originated and implemented by the g all overnment of Japan to enslave women considered inferior and subject them to repeated mass rapes, said Michael D. Ha drug abusefeld, one of over 35 lawyers in his firm representing the former sexual prisoners in a class action typeface currently pending against the Japanese authorities. (Eddy) Since ancient times, prostitutes in Japan chose to sell their bodies either for family, poverty, or for miserliness her h usband and her children.More or less, their sacrifices were seen as positive. But, being forced to become comfort woman by Japanese is seen as negative. The difference between the Japanese prostitutes and comfort women is that the comfort women did non choose to be trapped as a sex slave and they were not gainful for what they did. In 1931, when the Japanese multitude invaded Manchuria, comfort houses made their first appearances. These comfort houses were created to succeed the Japanese soldiers with outlets for their sexual needs.In the embark onning, there were provided a few comfort houses but after(prenominal) the Nanjin Massacre occurred in 1937, some(prenominal) more were added, fundamentally to either place that the Japanese were stationed. (Walkom) aft(prenominal) the Japanese soldiers slaughtered thousands of Chinese people in the Nanjin Massacre, they barbarically raped an unclimbable number of women. As a result, anti-Japanese sentiments grew and it became har der to fully occupy these lands. The government inflexible up comfort houses to drop disorder and give the approximately two million soldiers a place to satisfy their sexual needs.The Japanese did not have enough prostitutes to supply the needs of the soldiers so they commissioned civilians to develop comfort houses. At the time, tho a small percentage of Japanese women were mobilized to work in comfort houses and they were all prostitutes to begin with. The majority of the comfort women were actually Korean women, who were forcibly taken from Korea to service the needs of the Japanese soldiers. aft(prenominal) the war, the Japanese government destroyed all evidence of their involvement in Japanese comfort houses, enforcing that commercial-grade businessmen were responsible for the movement of women.M some(prenominal) of the comfort women were kidnapped or deceived into voluntarily working in comfort houses. Once they were there, they were trapped and forced into prostitution. S ome women reported that Japanese agents offered them good jobs or education. Others were told that each family in the village had to donate a daughter to the war effort. Many others were offered food, shelter and factory jobs. The Japanese in addition kidnapped young, unmarried girls when they had a shortage of comfort women.The ages of the girls in the comfort houses ranged from 15 to 19, with the minority exception of whatsoever younger girls and some older, married women. The girls were transported between military chemical groups like cargo, under heavy guard in army trucks, trains, ship and bus. They were forced to lose their virginity before arriving at the bases to prepare them for having sexual intercourse with tens of soldiers every day. Many women contemplated death after this, as they believed their virginity to be more precious than life. (Henson)When living in the comfort houses, the comfort women lived in fear and desperation. They were unable to leave, as they were heavily guarded. Each day, they were penetrated by as many as 50 soldiers, until they were sore and bloated to the point of not being able to open their legs. If they were infected with a sexually transmitted disease, they received injections known as Injection 606. If infected enough times, they lost their fertility. In Japan, infected women were killed. Their food was mixed with cyanide, their bodies taken to a cave and finally, the cave was blown up with a grenade.The comfort houses made money off these women and it is believed that the Japanese government paid them, as most of the soldiers paid by coupons. As soon as the war was finished, the Japanese Imperialist guards disappeared without trace. Most comfort women depict the experience this way, Suddenly, the soldiers came no more, and upon asking we found that the war had ended. In other regions, as the Japanese pull harikari, the women were forced to do the same. In extreme cases, the women were put in a cave and blown u p.After the war, many of the comfort women were in addition sick to be moved and were taken under the care of the American army. Most of the women were left with no place to go, as they were in a strange country with no money, and were too humiliated to go home. According to one comfort woman, my bodys wasted, therefore I do not dare go home in fear of being ignored and looked down upon. Even after the war ended, the comfort women were not free. Their guilty minds and inferiority complexes kept them from returning home and they stayed in immaterial countries.The small amount that married, were often forced to separate after the fact that they were comfort women was known, or they were disjoint because they could not have children. The victims are still suffering the pain physically and psychologically. More than half of them could not get pregnant, and most of them have chronicle diseases. Furthermore, the psychological impact on these women made them felt themselves dirty, di scredited that they disgraced themselves and isolated themselves from others. They are either afraid of getting married, or unable to ask for any commitment from their lovers.For those who got married, their marriage was unstable and unhappy due to their past. Some thought that they must have through with(p) something evil in their previous life that they have to be punished in this life. (Hicks) They go to tempos to sing sutras, to confess, to pursue liberation, and they even commit suicide. Although the period of time they spent at the Japanese military base was a small part of their life, what they had experienced caused an incurable impact on their health, marriage, mind, and social adaptation.Although the Japanese government continues to deny or minimize their involvement with comfort women, their defense is unraveling. A conference on Japanese Crimes Against Humanity Sexual Slavery and Forced Labor was held last year, in which Japanese researchers delivered papers which clai med that the Japanese military, the rest of the government, and Japanese industry were all involved in the decision to provide sex slaves for the countrys soldiers. (Chunghee) Japanese historian Hirofumi Hayashi said The establishment and development of the military comfort women system as not only carried out by the total involvement of every section of the military but also by administrative machinery at every level of the Japanese state In addition, we should not overlook that Japanese companies were their accomplices. (Chunghee) Researchers from the Center for Research and Documentation of Japans War Responsibilities in Yokohama showed that Japanese rubber companies were under government deoxidize to supply 20 million condoms a year to armed forces once the decision had been made to provide sex slaves to the soldiers.Rumiko Nishino wrote that high-ranking adjutants commissioned by Cabinet and sub-Cabinet-level government officials implemented the distribution of the condoms. T he availability of condoms to the ecumenical population became almost nil. (Chunghee) Last year, the Japanese appeals court overturned an earlier ruling that orders the government to requite women who were forced to serve as sex slaves during World War II. Both sides had appealed that ruling. The plaintiffs because they thought the compensation was too small, and the government because they refused to pay. Duke) In deciding in favor of the government, the Hiroshima High Court said abducting women to use them as forced laborers and sex slaves was not a serious constitutional violation. Tokyo has admitted that its wartime army had set up brothels, and forced thousands of Koreans, Filipinos, Dutch and Chinese to serve as prostitutes, but it has refused to compensate these victims. Historians say as many as 200,000 women were forced into sexual slavery during World War II.